Mastitis Prevention & Treatment: A Breastfeeding Parent’s Guide

Understanding mastitis: What’s happening in your body

Mastitis encompasses a spectrum of conditions resulting from inflammation of the breast tissue, often caused by:

• Milk stasis (milk staying in the breast too long)

• Mechanobiological factors (physical forces in the body, like tissue pressure and internal fluid pressure)

• Bacteria entering through cracked or irritated nipples

If congestion builds (due to skipped feeds, poor latch, or even external pressure like a tight bra), inflammation can develop. Early intervention is key to avoiding complications like abscesses or a drop in milk supply.

Early warning signs: Catch it before it gets worse

Mastitis does not happen overnight. Your body sends signals first. Pay attention to these symptoms:

• Tender, swollen, or hot area on the breast

• A small, hard lump that feels painful to touch

• A slight decrease in milk production from one breast

• Flu-like fatigue or body aches

• Chills or low-grade fever

• Breast skin appearing shiny, tight, hyperpigmented or reddened

• Baby suddenly fussing at the affected breast (milk may taste saltier)

The sooner you take action, the better your chances of avoiding severe mastitis.

Mastitis-proof your routine: Prevention strategies that work

Research shows that consistent and effective milk removal is the best prevention. These strategies keep milk flowing while reducing inflammation risks.

1. Helpful feeding techniques

• Ensure a deep latch. Poor latch leads to incomplete drainage. If you are experiencing pain, seek help from a lactation consultant.

• Finish one side before switching. Switching too soon can leave areas of the breast underdrained.

• Vary nursing positions. Changing positions can improve breast drainage. Try:

  • The football hold for those early postpartum days

  • Laid-back nursing for gravity-assisted flow

2. Smart pumping habits

• Use the correct flange size. An improper fit can lead to ineffective milk removal.

• Do not overpump. Pump only as needed to relieve discomfort or maintain supply—oversupply can exacerbate inflammation.

3. Avoid external pressure on the breasts

• Wear loose, supportive bras. Tight bras or underwire can press on ducts.

• Be mindful of sleeping positions. Side sleeping with pressure on one breast can cause milk stasis.

• Avoid prolonged pressure from baby carriers or seatbelts.

4. Care for your nipples

• Keep nipples moisturized. Cracked nipples increase infection risk. Use lanolin or nipple balms.

• Let them air dry. Moist environments encourage bacterial growth.

5. Support your immune system

• Stay hydrated. Breastfeeding parents need extra water to maintain milk supply and overall health.

• Prioritize sleep. Hard with a newborn, but even naps help.

• Manage stress. High stress levels can affect milk flow.

When prevention fails: Your step-by-step relief plan

If you suspect mastitis, early treatment can prevent complications.

1. Allow both breasts to flow

• Breastfeed or pump frequently (every 2-3 hours), starting with the affected side.

• Try different feeding positions to fully drain the breast.

• Apply a gentle touch to encourage milk flow as needed.

2. Reduce inflammation

• Use a cold compress after feeding to decrease swelling.

• In consultation with your healthcare provider, consider taking ibuprofen or acetaminophen to relieve pain and inflammation.

3. Prioritize rest and hydration

• Increase your fluid intake. Electrolytes can help if you are feeling dehydrated.

• Take every opportunity to rest. Hand off non-feeding tasks to a partner, friend, or family member.

When to see a doctor: Signs you need medical help

Mastitis can usually be managed at home, but be sure to seek medical attention if you experience:

• Fever over 101.3°F (38.5°C)

• Symptoms worsening after 24 hours of treatment

• Red streaks radiating from the affected area

• Severe pain preventing milk flow

• Cracked or bleeding nipples with signs of infection

It's important to note that fever/systemic symptoms do not always indicate bacterial infection.

The emotional toll of mastitis: You are not failing

Mastitis is physically painful, but it also takes a toll on mental health. Many parents feel frustration, guilt, or even grief when struggling with breastfeeding.

For parents feeling overwhelmed

• Your pain is real and valid. Mastitis is a medical condition, not a sign of weakness.

• It is okay to ask for help. Whether it is lactation support, emotional support, or help with daily tasks, you do not have to do this alone.

• You are not failing. Mastitis happens even when parents do everything "right."

For partners and supporters

Non-breastfeeding partners or family members can help by:

• Bringing water and snacks during feeds

• Taking over baby care after feeds so the nursing parent can rest

• Tracking symptoms if fever develops

Even small acts of support can make a big difference.

Recovering and preventing future mastitis

After mastitis, it is important to prevent recurrence by:

• Resolving latch or feeding issues with professional support

• Avoiding long gaps between feeds or pumps

• Being mindful of breast pressure from bras, sleep positions, or baby carriers

• Continuing to stay hydrated and rested

If you experience frequent or recurrent mastitis, talk to a lactation consultant or healthcare provider to adjust your breastfeeding plan.

Trust your body, trust yourself

Mastitis is painful, but it does not necessarily mean the end of breastfeeding. With early intervention and the right support, most cases resolve quickly.

Whether you continue breastfeeding, switch to exclusive pumping, or decide to wean, the most important thing is your health and well-being.

You are doing your best, and that is enough.